Varicose veins - pathological lengthening of the walls of the peripheral veins, accompanied by the failure of the valve system and a violation of the local blood flow.The changed ships seem extended, enveloping, swelling in the form of superficial knots.The main section of the lesion are the veins of the lower ends.The first complaint of the patient can be limited to a cosmetic defect in the form of vascular networks.Against the background of the progression of the disease, a feeling of gravity are combined in the legs and convulsions. Varicose veins, as a rule, disturb women more often.The most common location are the subcutaneous veins of the legs, a little less often: the hips.There is a group of factors that cause the pathological stretching of the vascular wall: with external influences, which end with a genetic predisposition.It is worth knowing the causes of the varicose veins on the legs.
The causes of varicose veins
Against the background of the valve system disorders and an increase in the volume of the bloodstream, there is a persistent expansion of the vascular lumen.The composition of the venous walls includes the connective tissue, which, with excessive elongation, is unable to decrease in the original state.Symptoms of the varicose veins of the affected veins of the inferior progress ends: the blood that moves along the elongated vessels is subjected to stagnation, exerting even greater pressure on them.This, in turn, leads to violations of the trophism of the surrounding tissues.
Basic
The causes of the varicose veins are numerous and can be combined with each other.The main factors include:
- Characteristics of physical activity.Varicose veins are often found in men constantly in weight lifting (engines).Even the people of professions associated with the prolonged position on their feet (hairdressers), the seat position (employees) are subject to diseases.
- Obesity.It applies to a significant number of overweight.
- Hormonal changes.For example, the causes of varicose veins in women are a decrease in vascular tone during pregnancy against the background of progesterone production, taking medicinal hormones drugs.
- Inheritance.There are known cases of inheritance of the structure of the structure of the connective tissue, which increase the probability of taking care of the varicose veins.
Secondary
Both the characteristics of the lifestyle and some types of diseases can aggravate a violation of the venous blood flow.Secondary causes of varicose veins:
- Unknown shoes, symptoms of varicose veins in women (gravity in the legs, cramps, vascular mesh) - a frequent consequence of prolonged walk to high heels.
- Excessively tight clothes.
- Irrational sports (raising the bar).
- Diseases of the internal organs and the veins of the system-vary due to serious chronic cardiovascular failure.
- The Shunt Artero -come on are a pathological transfer of arterial blood to the venous channel.
- Education that presses on the surrounding ships.
- Stress, due to the general disorder of the tone of the arteries and veins.
Phases
Varicosis in the lower limbs is not a pathology that has occurred simultaneously, but a development process gradually.In medical practice, different types of classifications are used.
The simplest and most universal share 3 degrees:
- Compensation - Small cosmetic defects without character characteristic.
- Subcompensted - Stagnation progression, development of classic symptoms.
- Decompension: combine the complications of varicose veins.
Request among specialists is the clinical classification developed in 2000. The varicose veins on the legs include 4 phases:
- Varicose veins of subcutaneous or intradermal veins, not accompanied by a violation of the venous blood discharge.
- Segmental varicose veins with venous blood drain in the veins of the lower (superficial) ends.
- Vasto varicose veins with the same drain as the previous phase.
- The unloading of venous blood in deep vases.
Symptoms
The clinical course of varicose veins depends directly on the stage of the disease.In the early stages, the complaints refer only to external defects in the form of networks and vascular stars on the legs.The following symptoms are subsequently united:
- Varicose veins, the appearance of vascular subcutaneous nodes.
- Feeling of gravity, fatigue effort of the legs.
- Swelling of the lower limbs, often asymmetrical.
- Pain syndrome, up to convulsions, in particular expressed at the end of the day.
Varicose veins, if you do not start the treatment, can continue to cause metabolic disorders in the surrounding tissues.Initially, this will appear in the form of dryness, skin pigmentation.In the decompexed phase, trophic ulcers appear, which are difficult to heal.
Which doctor is engaged in the treatment of varicose veins
If the symptoms appear, suspicions of the presence of varicose veins on the legs, it is necessary to consult a specialist.The specialist will determine the severity of the disease and prescribe conservative treatment.In case of indications for surgery, the doctor directs the patient towards the vascular surgeon.
Diagnostics
To establish the fact of the disease, there is a sufficiently ordinary examination by the doctor.In order to clarify the stadium of varicose veins and the determination of therapeutic tactics, these research methods use:
- Clinical and biochemical blood test - are included in the minimum standard.
- Ultrasound dopplerography is an evaluation of the patency of the vessels, the general condition of the bloodstream.
- Ultrasonic duplex scan: combine the standard ultrasound of the fabrics.
- Revasography is an assessment of the level of the latest limbs.
- Angiography is an invasive radiological study based on the introduction of a question of contrast in the ship.
Treatment
Varicose veins on the legs are a pathology in the fight against which an integrated approach is required.The type of treatment depends on the stage of the disease.In the initial stages, they are limited to the prescription of non -invasive drugs and procedures.With the progression of varicose veins, they resort to surgery.
Drugs
Numerous drugs can be considered not only as part of conservative therapy, but also as preventive drugs to prevent varicose veins or its complications.The vehicles are produced in different forms: ointments, gel for external use, tablets, capsules.The intake of any of the medicines should be agreed with the doctor.Leg pain, swelling with varicose veins - symptoms that successfully take conservative therapy in the early stages.Basically he uses drugs with anti -tonic, anticoagulant and moderate anti -inflammatory effects.The treatment, as a rule, begins with the following means of local influence:
- With sodium heparin.
- Combined.
Procedures
The treatment of varicose veins of the lower ends is based on the following mechanisms: improve the regional blood flow through physical activity, the artificial narrowing of the blood vessels using the external compression or a complete overlap of the lumen of the vein affected.
Non -invasive methods:
- Therapeutic gymnastics.
- Wear a compression knitting.
Invasive procedures:
- Sclerotherapy.It is based on the introduction of substances with sticky properties.The block vase goes off from the total blood flow.The manipulation is indicated with the initial symptoms of the varicose veins of the lower limbs.It is not suitable for removing too large knots.
- Ozonotherapy.In principle, it is similar to the previous methodology.The introduction of the ozone helps in the fight against vascular stars.
Folk methods
The use of funds in this category requires a mandatory conversation with the attending physician.Popular recipes can reduce the symptoms of varicose veins, but not completely care.For this reason, they should be considered only as an auxiliary agent.
Examples of recipes:
- Place 3 apples in boiling water, cover with a lid and leave for 4 hours in heat.Drink softened apples, leave in a pan, mix.Submit to tension.Add the honey (1 tablespoon. Spoon) to the resulting solution before use).Take a half billion before meals.
- Ointment with chestnut on horseback.Proportions - 5 chestnut fruits, 5 tablespoons of flowers, 500 ml base (vegetable oil or oil jelly).Mattifica raw materials, mix all components.Bathing water, no more than 3 hours.Submit to tension.
Surgery
Surgical treatment is the option of choice in cases where therapeutic methods to combat varicose veins are not effective.Currently, several surgical techniques have been developed that differ in the degree of invasiveness.Types of procedures increasing the volume of surgery:
- Laser coagulation of legs of the legs.It is divided into Endovasal and without contact.In the first case, we are talking about the installation of a laser coaguator in the lumen of the ship hit under local anesthesia, in the second to about the use of a laser without violating the integrity of the skin.The purpose of the methodology is to "caution" the affected area.Suitable for cases in which varicose veins do not exceed 10 mm in diameter.
- Flobectomy.It is a radical surgical method to eliminate varicose veins.The treatment is based on the direct removal of the ship concerned.It is performed under general anesthesia in operating conditions.
Complications
What is varicose veins on the legs?This is originally a low -impomy disease, full of serious complications while progresses.It should be understood that swollen veins are a potential threat to general health.
Phlebitis
It is an inflammation of the venous wall.Flebitis is caused by its excessive elongation and, consequently, by the microtrauma of the internal coating of the ship.It is the most common complication of the varicose veins located on the legs.As a rule, the symptoms manifest themselves asymmetrically.The first complaint that can support is the appearance of a matte painful pain, which intensifies when touched in the affected area.The place of inflammation is compact, the skin becomes hyperemic, warm in contact.With the development of acute phlebitis, the pain becomes bruciable, unbearable, the coverage on the sick place requires a bright red color.
Thromboflebitis
The specific complication of the varicose veins arise, as a rule, follow the previous one.The occurrence mechanism is the formation of a blood clot in the inflamed area of the vein.The floating thrombus is particularly dangerous.A part of it is fixed to the vascular wall and the other floats freely in the lumen in the beating of the bloodstream.The "tail" was formed by the varicose vein affected by life to detach itself and take off towards the heart.The symptoms of the thrombophlegbitant of the veins of the lower ends are similar to the signs of the phlebitis.Hyperthermia, chills and weakness can also join them.Given the potential danger of this state, in the presence of these complaints, it is necessary to consult a doctor as quickly as possible.
Phlebotrombosis
The complication of the varicose veins caused by the blow of the thrombus into the lumen of the deep veins.The symptoms depend directly on the position of the blood clot.If, for example, it has formed at the level of the calf muscle, a sensation of burst will be disturbed, the swelling will spread on a ankle.The edema and pain syndrome are distributed throughout the lower limb when bioimone enters the venous network at the level of the abdominal cavity.Flebotrombosis is often difficult to diagnose.The symptoms of this complication of varicose veins often have a lubricated clinical picture and the pathology is already manifested in the form of any potentially lethal state.With the timely detection of a complication, the doctor can resort not only to the conservative, but also to surgical treatment.
Thromboembolism of the lung artery (pulmonary
A blood clot, which has been torn from the venous wall, moves to the right parts of the heart, then goes into the lung artery, causing a blockage of its branches.Depending on the caliber of the vases concerned, the flow of pathology varies from asymptomatic to acute, lightning.Signs of Telela:
- Sudden lack of breath: the patient "captures" air with his mouth, like a fish.
- Tachycardia.
- Algic syndrome is characterized by pain in a heart attack.
- General weakness.
- An increase in temperature to subfibril numbers (37-38 ° C).
- The blue skin, a cast iron shade.
- Cough.
- Heltering.
This consequence of varicose veins is life and requires emergency measures.The treatment is carried out in a resuscitation department.In addition to the above complications, other consequences of varicose veins may occur:
- Trophical ulcers are one of their latest symptoms of varicose veins.
- Bleeding from a broken vein.
- Dermatitis.
Prevention
The disease can be felt even before the symptoms of varicose veins have appeared.Prevention measures include:
- Competent distribution of physical activity.It is recommended to alternate the walk with the seat.With a high predisposition to varicose veins, it is worth excluding the collection of serious loads, the work associated with the prolonged position on the legs.
- Wear comfortable shoes and clothes.The allowed height of the heel does not exceed 4 cm.
- Correction of body weight.Normal weight is an indicator that significantly reduces the probability of symptoms of varicose veins.
- The use of compression knitting (as prescribed by a doctor).If a sense of gravity appears, fatigue in the legs against the background of physical activity, work associated with the prolonged position, we are talking about the laundry of the 1st degree of compression.
- Feet massage (only in the absence of pronounced varicose veins).It can be performed independently.
What is varicose veins?This is a trait of the walls of the peripheral veins, the occurrence of which is more associated with the characteristics of the lifestyle.In the initial stages, it creates the illusion of "harmless".However, the underestimation of the insidence of the varicose veins is full of complications that are difficult to eliminate.With the help of simple preventive measures, it is possible to prevent not only the pathology itself, but also avoid its distant dangerous consequences.